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CGD NOTES
April 11, 2024
The pace of MDB reforms remains inadequate to have a material impact on sustainable development. Our assessment is buttressed by the results of a survey of international experts, who remain skeptical that there is enough momentum to implement sufficiently deep reforms across key areas.
We have id...
CGD NOTES
August 23, 2023
Across several African countries, there has been a troubling trend of infrastructure being stripped to sell as scrap metal. People have been arrested for ripping out and selling rail sleepers in South Africa and Ghana, pylon and copper wires in Uganda, and streetlamp meters in Liberia. That strippin...
CGD NOTES
January 17, 2023
This CGD note summarizes the implications of the macroeconomic context and broader financing outlook for domestic and external health spending and proposes a “menu” of policy options to keep health spending on track and blunt negative impacts on health systems and population health around the world.
CGD NOTES
March 30, 2022
The IMF is on track to establish its new lending vehicle—the “Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST)”—that aims to re-channel some $50 billion of newly allocated special drawing rights (SDRs) from rich to developing countries. But there is a catch: the proposed conditions for accessing funds coul...
CGD NOTES
March 08, 2022
Governments have implemented an array of interventions needed to contain the economic impacts of COVID-19. Some of these interventions are not adequately captured in traditional fiscal metrics, such as debt and deficit. One approach to ensuring comprehensive coverage of these interventions and to pr...
CGD NOTES
February 24, 2022
The worldwide shock inflicted by COVID-19 had the making of a “perfect crisis:” the kind that should not be wasted. Indeed, it could serve as an opportunity to initiate major reforms. Unfortunately, Pakistan, like virtually all other countries, has permitted the opportunity to go waste. Pakistan may...
CGD NOTES
November 30, 2021
The pandemic and its economic impact have been a revealing test of the multilateral development bank (MDB) system and of individual MDBs. Although lending by the MDBs as a group rose significantly in 2020 (39 percent), this is much less than the rise in MDB lending in response to the Global Financia...
CGD NOTES
November 01, 2021
After more than a year of grappling with the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, many middle-income countries (MICs) will continue to experience health and economic dislocation for some time to come. While much of the global financial community’s attention has focused on supporting low-income...
CGD NOTES
September 30, 2021
The IMF should set up a Global Resilience Trust (GRT) without delay, allowing at least $50 billion from the recent special drawing rights (SDR) allocation to be channeled to low- and middle-income countries. In an earlier note, we explained the elements needed for the GRT to meet these va...
CGD NOTES
July 08, 2021
World Bank budget support projects throughout the COVID-19 global health emergency contain significant policy conditionality. On average, each operation required the recipient government to implement 8 policy reforms to secure funding—a reasonable constraint in “normal” times but at odds with the tw...