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WORKING PAPERS
February 05, 2024
Textbooks play a critical role in schooling around the world but many books continue to under-represent women and girls, and to portray men and women in stereotypical gendered roles. In this paper, we use quantitative text analysis to assess the degree of gender bias in a newly assembled corpus of 1...
Blog Post
February 05, 2024
It’s no surprise that books used in schools in many countries have gender biases. But in a new CGD working paper we document exactly how much and what kind of bias exists across over 1,200 books from 34 anglophone countries. This includes high-income countries such as the US, UK, and Australia, and ...
WORKING PAPERS
September 06, 2022
Can governments contract out school management at scale? In 2016 the Government of Punjab transferred management of over 4,000 failing primary schools to private operators. Schools remained free to students. Private operators received a government subsidy per enrolled student of less than half per-s...
Blog Post
August 10, 2021
The education gaps that are closing between boys and girls in many countries persist in Pakistan. Our large new household survey on the factors associated with differences in gender norms sheds light on what policymakers can do in the post-COVID world to address the gender gap and improve opportunit...
Blog Post
May 11, 2021
To get a better picture of the effects of the pandemic on education in Pakistan, we carried out another round of our survey of students and parents. We found gender differences in learning loss, little engagement with government teleschool, dropping parental support for further closures, and more.
Blog Post
October 15, 2020
After six months of school closures, Pakistan began reopening its schools in a phased manner on September 15. Schools had been shut since March 13, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the impacts, CGD partnered with TCF in Pakistan and with CERP to survey households wi...