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Blog Post
November 01, 2022
World Bank loan terms are becoming increasingly attractive as global interest rates soar. This is not because the Bank’s International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) loans have gotten cheaper, but because the average emerging market’s (EM) borrowing costs have risen so much more dram...
WORKING PAPERS
October 31, 2022
We construct a novel database covering more than 450 fiscal consolidation episodes in 185 countries during the period 1979-2019. Using discrete choice models, we then examine the (broader macroeconomic and political) factors motivating these fiscal consolidation episodes.
Blog Post
October 28, 2022
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the International Monetary Fund estimated that low-income countries would, on average, need to collect an amount equal to at least 5 percent of their GDP in additional revenue by 2030 to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in five key areas. For many sub-Sa...
BRIEFS
October 11, 2022
We are living in a time when many countries face heightened debt vulnerabilities. There is no international bankruptcy mechanism for countries that default on their external obligations. The objective of the international financial architecture—historically overseen by the IMF and its shareholders— ...
Blog Post
October 05, 2022
It is surely an urgent moment for multilateral support from the IMF and World Bank. And yet, the institutions’ financial statements suggest that support is declining. Figuring out why and what to do about it should be priority one at the upcoming World Bank-IMF annual meetings.
Blog Post
October 04, 2022
The 2021 allocation of $650 billion of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) was heralded by many as a needed shot in the arm to the global economy. While many countries have made good use of their part of the SDR pie, the hope that advanced economies would share their excess SDRs with more vulnerable coun...
POLICY PAPERS
October 04, 2022
Global reserves can serve as a global public good, facilitating the short-term global recovery from the economic impacts of the pandemic and Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as the longer-term global transition to a sustainable and equitable economic future. Strategic allocation of Special Drawi...
Blog Post
September 29, 2022
The scale of IMF lending to low-income countries since 2020, carried out through the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT), was a bright spot in the otherwise lackluster multilateral response to the pandemic. But the rise in lending stretched thin the PRGT’s resources. The size of the resulting ...