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WORKING PAPERS
April 23, 2024
This paper explores the potential implications of a declining absolute labor force on economic outcomes. It explores key macroeconomic variables during periods of negative and positive prime age (15-65) population growth (PAPG). These variables include 10-year bond yields, consumer price indices, fe...
Blog Post
April 23, 2024
The ongoing global demographic transition is massive in scale and likely impact. For most of the past 200 years, the vast majority of the world’s countries have seen population growth, particularly working-age population growth. As they’ve gone through the "demographic transition" toward lower birth...
Blog Post
April 16, 2024
Last month The Gambia’s National Assembly advanced a bill that, if ratified, would make it the first country to overturn a ban on female genital mutilation. These moves—supported by the predominantly male legislature—reflect the precarious nature of gains made in gender equality and have implication...
WORKING PAPERS
February 05, 2024
Textbooks play a critical role in schooling around the world but many books continue to under-represent women and girls, and to portray men and women in stereotypical gendered roles. In this paper, we use quantitative text analysis to assess the degree of gender bias in a newly assembled corpus of 1...
Blog Post
February 05, 2024
It’s no surprise that books used in schools in many countries have gender biases. But in a new CGD working paper we document exactly how much and what kind of bias exists across over 1,200 books from 34 anglophone countries. This includes high-income countries such as the US, UK, and Australia, and ...
Blog Post
May 23, 2023
The past year has been challenging and turbulent for many frontier markets in Africa. In 2022, African economies met headwinds of inflation, the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, and sovereign debt challenges. This led to a decrease in demand for African goods and services, as well as reduced inve...
Blog Post
April 28, 2023
Despite a steady rise in literacy rates over the past 50 years, there are more than 750 million adults worldwide who cannot read or write. While policymakers and academics have primarily focused on educating children, and for good reason, adult learning and education programs are an important compo...
WORKING PAPERS
April 28, 2023
Approximately 770 million adults worldwide are classified as illiterate. Despite the potential for adult education programs to bridge this gap, such programs are often plagued by low enrollment, high dropout, and limited skills acquisition. Recent research in educational neuroscience and economics o...
Blog Post
April 24, 2023
That said, there are reasons to doubt that a declining working age population would have a long-term effect on prices. They are based on an argument that economists have long made when it comes to migration into economies where the domestic labor force was still expanding, termed the “lump of labor ...
Blog Post
April 10, 2023
The world has never been more educated, our populations more connected. Technological advance in areas from solar and fusion power through batteries to satellites and cancer vaccines will help deliver sustained development. Ending extreme ($2.15 a day) poverty, while long overdue, is on a trajectory...