Skills on the Move: Linking Labour Mobility and Vocational Training

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is often touted as an important tool in low- and middle-income countries struggling with high levels of unemployment and large skills gaps. As a result, over the last 10 years, donors have invested billions of dollars in it.

Yet these investments have largely failed to deliver results. At the same time, donors have recently cut their aid budgets and refocused attention on how development spending benefits their own populations and economies.

There is one way forward: a triple win. Donors could support some graduates of existing TVET programs to access legal labor mobility pathways. Doing so would improve TVET programs in low- and middle-income countries, while also supporting employers and economic growth in high-income countries. The manifestation of “aid in the national interest.”

New research—conducted by CGD and IREX—outlines why donors should link labor mobility and TVET investments; how they can do so in practice; and where there are “investment-ready” TVET providers ready to take advantage of these opportunities.

More from the Series

Blog Post

Make Aid Work at Home and Abroad: Link Vocational Training and Labor Mobility

February 24, 2026
Today, CGD and our partners IREX are releasing three papers which explore the intersection between legal managed mobility and technical and vocational education and training (TVET). If donors supported some trainees to move to higher income countries, it would improve TVET outcomes and quality; supp...
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Exploring Donor Investments in Green TVET

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and
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This policy paper examines the scale and composition of donor investment in technical and vocational education and training (TVET), with a particular focus on green skills, using OECD Creditor Reporting System data from 2013–2022. By applying a broader methodology that captures TVET across 14 traini...
POLICY PAPER

A Landscape Analysis of Green Skills TVET Providers: Focus on Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, and Senegal

February 24, 2026
The global transition to a low-carbon economy demands the increased delivery of green skills, yet technical and vocational education and training (TVET) systems in Africa struggle to meet this need. This landscape analysis, by the Center for Global Development and IREX, aims to identify “investment-...
POLICY PAPER

Linking Labor Mobility and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)

February 24, 2026
In the context of shrinking global aid budgets and persistent skills shortages in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, linking labor mobility and technical and vocational education and training (TVET), particularly in skills relevant to the green transition, can deliver a “triple win”: improvin...