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POLICY PAPERS
August 07, 2023
A main driver of antimicrobial resistance is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. But lack of access to antimicrobials causes a large mortality burden and contributes to the spread of resistant infections. How can learnings from the use of control policies in other areas of medicine be translat...
POLICY PAPERS
November 15, 2022
Antimicrobial drugs form the backbone of modern medicine. Yet over time, use of these drugs selects for mutations that survive exposure to those same drugs, driving “antimicrobial resistance,” or AMR. In the absence of sufficient R&D investment for new antimicrobials, deaths from drug-resistant infe...
POLICY PAPERS
August 06, 2019
Following the launch of M-Pesa in 2007, Kenya has emerged as a global leader in the development of mobile money and in increasing rates of financial inclusion. This paper shows how M-Pesa’s success has led to a series of endogenous innovations that have shaped Kenya’s digital space, plac...
POLICY PAPERS
February 20, 2018
We conducted phone-based surveys on energy access and demand in twelve African countries. From these findings, we draw several potential policy implications. First, both grid electricity and off-grid solutions currently are inadequate to meet many African consumers’ modern energy demands. Seco...
POLICY PAPERS
June 16, 2015
The development of mobile payment platforms in developing countries is revolutionizing access to finance for the poor. Mobile payment platforms allow their users to pay and transfer funds in mobile money but also offer access to other financial products, such as savings or insurance.