From the Article:
Days before Mandela became South Africa's president in 1994, the homeland system was rapidly dismantled. According to South African government statistics, about 12 percent of the country's population moved between 1996 and 2001, the considerable majority to large cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg. Beyond ending one of apartheid's most toxic institutions, the shift was a huge experiment in what happens when barriers to labor mobility fall, as economist and immigration expert Michael Clemens has argued. What were essentially different "countries," with race-based quotas and employment rules, all became a single (officially colorblind) labor market. A black population that today is about nine times the size of the white population was at last free to compete for the same jobs -- and even benefit from some positive discrimination in the labor market.
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