Senior Fellow
Education: PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1974); BA, Princeton University (1968)
David Wheeler is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development, where he works on issues related to climate change, natural resource conservation, African infrastructure development, sustainable development indicators and the allocation of development aid. From 1993-2006, as a Lead Economist in the World Bank's Development Research Group, he directed a team that worked on environmental policy and research issues in collaboration with policymakers and academics in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Ghana and other developing countries. His team focused particularly on reducing pollution through public information disclosure, in collaboration with the environment ministries of China, Indonesia and the Philippines. He also worked on priority-setting for country lending, grants and technical assistance with the World Bank's Vice Presidency for Operations Policy and Country Services, the World Bank's Environment Department, and the Global Environment Facility. During his last two years at the Bank, he and his colleagues initiated a climate change program in the Development Research Group, as well as collaborating with the Bank's Africa Region on a cost-effective strategy for road network upgrading in Sub-Saharan Africa.
After completing his PhD in 1974, David taught economics for two years at the National University of Zaire in Kinshasa. He joined the economics faculty at Boston University in 1976, and taught there until he joined the World Bank in 1990. While on the BU faculty, he was a visiting professor in MIT's Department of Urban Studies and Planning (1978-79), a co-founder and principal of the Boston Institute for Developing Economies (1987-1990), and Jakarta field director of the Development Studies Project for BAPPENAS, Indonesia's Planning Ministry (1987-1989).
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Selected Works
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After rejecting emissions caps, India seems poised to curb greenhouse gases on its own. Senior fellow David Wheeler calculates that a proposed new renewable energy standard would cause a massive shift of new power capacity within a decade.
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The authors address several questions relevant to international discussion about climate adaptation: How will climate change alter the incidence of extreme weather events, and how will their impact be distributed geographically? How will future socioeconomic development, notably an increased focus on education and empowerment for women and girls, affect the vulnerability of affected communities? And, of primary interest to negotiators and donors, how much would it cost to neutralize the threat of additional losses in this context?
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In this paper, we introduce FORMA (Forest Monitoring for Action), a prototype system for monitoring real-time deforestation from publicly available satellite data at a resolution of one square kilometer. Maps of the data showing probable areas of deforestation will be available on Google Earth and Google Maps, allowing open, public, on-the-ground verification of the results. The system is a model of a transparent, credible, and frequently updated source to aid and measure the success of forest conservation efforts.
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As temperatures rise this century, massive tropical storm surges and growing populations may collide in disasters of unprecedented size. CGD senior fellow David Wheeler and co-authors explore the implications for 84 developing countries, providing new data for 577 cyclone-vulnerable coastal cities with populations greater than 100,000. Bottom line: carefully targeted international assistance will be essential to protect population centers.
ACCESS THE WORKING PAPER AND DATA
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CGD senior fellow David Wheeler testifies before the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific and the Global Environment about the potential effects of climate change on vulnerable societies. Wheeler urges Congress to view climate change preparedness broadly and focus U.S. assistance on human and institutional development.
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Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our recent book, The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President, for a lively discussion of the prospects for improved U.S. development policy under President Barack Obama.
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Senior fellow David Wheeler and Kevin Ummel argue for rapid, very large-scale deployment of existing solar thermal technology. Using maps of solar radiation and project finance calculations, they show that with modest subsidies solar power generated in North Africa and the Middle East could meet the needs of 35 million Europeans by 2020. At that point, solar power would be cheaper than fossil fuels and future projects would no longer require subsidies.
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This video contains clips of the World Banks consultation on a new framework for addressing climate change.
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The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President shows how modest changes in U.S. policies could greatly improve the lives of poor people in developing countries, thus fostering greater stability, security, and prosperity globally and at home. Center for Global Development experts offer fresh perspectives and practical advice on trade policy, migration, foreign aid, climate change and more. In an introductory essay, CGD President Nancy Birdsall explains why and how the next U.S. president must lead in the creation of a better, safer world.
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The next president can secure a place in history by mobilizing America to confront climate change, while starting a clean energy revolution that will strengthen American security and create the next wave of economic growth. The president should seize this opportunity because climate change presents a mortal threat: left unchecked, global warming will undermine the hard-won achievements of developing countries, inflict severe damage on the United States and other rich nations, and destabilize so many societies that the international system will be threatened. CGD senior fellow David Wheeler shows how to turn the threat into an opportunity for greatness.
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After rejecting emissions caps, India seems poised to curb greenhouse gases on its own. Senior fellow David Wheeler calculates that a proposed new renewable energy standard would cause a massive shift of new power capacity within a decade.
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The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President shows how modest changes in U.S. policies could greatly improve the lives of poor people in developing countries, thus fostering greater stability, security, and prosperity globally and at home. Center for Global Development experts offer fresh perspectives and practical advice on trade policy, migration, foreign aid, climate change and more. In an introductory essay, CGD President Nancy Birdsall explains why and how the next U.S. president must lead in the creation of a better, safer world.
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The authors address several questions relevant to international discussion about climate adaptation: How will climate change alter the incidence of extreme weather events, and how will their impact be distributed geographically? How will future socioeconomic development, notably an increased focus on education and empowerment for women and girls, affect the vulnerability of affected communities? And, of primary interest to negotiators and donors, how much would it cost to neutralize the threat of additional losses in this context?
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Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our recent book, The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President, for a lively discussion of the prospects for improved U.S. development policy under President Barack Obama.
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As temperatures rise this century, massive tropical storm surges and growing populations may collide in disasters of unprecedented size. CGD senior fellow David Wheeler and co-authors explore the implications for 84 developing countries, providing new data for 577 cyclone-vulnerable coastal cities with populations greater than 100,000. Bottom line: carefully targeted international assistance will be essential to protect population centers.
ACCESS THE WORKING PAPER AND DATA
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Senior fellow David Wheeler and Kevin Ummel argue for rapid, very large-scale deployment of existing solar thermal technology. Using maps of solar radiation and project finance calculations, they show that with modest subsidies solar power generated in North Africa and the Middle East could meet the needs of 35 million Europeans by 2020. At that point, solar power would be cheaper than fossil fuels and future projects would no longer require subsidies.
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U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called for a revolutionary change in the world's energy mix. So why is the World Bank conducting business as usual? This new working paper by CGD senior fellow David Wheeler focuses on the bank's latest proposed venture, a huge coal-fired plant to be fueled by the Mmamabula coal field in Botswana. Using current cost estimates for coal-fired and low-carbon electricity, Wheeler calculates that a CO2 accounting charge of only about $35 per ton would be enough to make solar power competitive with coal. The difference, he argues, could easily be covered by the bank's Clean Technology Fund and other sources. He urges the bank to quickly adopt an explicit carbon accounting charge for all energy projects and says that given the current scientific consensus it would be very surprising if this is below $50/ton of CO2.
Learn More
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In November 2007 CGD’s Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) provided the first global database on CO2 emissions from the world’s 50,000 power plants and the firms that own them. CARMA was widely welcomed as a tool for public education and as an important first step toward reliable, consistent information on plant-level emissions that will be crucial for future international agreements to cut greenhouse gas emissions. In this new working paper, CGD senior fellow David Wheeler and co-author Kevin Ummel describe CARMA’s methodology, assess its strengths and weaknesses, and test its accuracy across countries and at different geographical scales. They also invite power companies that have verified emissions data to submit them for inclusion in CARMA.
Read the Working Paper
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As a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, developed countries have an indisputable responsibility to address global warming. But the developing country argument that, as blameless victims of climate change they should be unfettered by emissions regulations, is wrong. In this working paper, CGD senior fellow David Wheeler and research assistant Kevin Ummel empirically test that assertion and come to a startling conclusion: the South would soon face a climate crisis even if the North and all its emissions had never existed.
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CGD research fellow David Wheeler applies econometric analysis to politics to discover the reasons behind the Senate’s failure to pass Warner-Lieberman, the first carbon cap-and-trade legislation to come up for a Senate vote. He finds that opposition can be explained by measurable variables—especially state-wide median income: senators from states with lower incomes were much more likely to vote against. Wheeler suggests that the next cap-and-trade bill should include plans to distribute some of the proceeds from carbon auctions directly to citizens in equal per capita payments to offset the economic burden on lower-income Americans and help align them and their Senators with the need to rapidly cut emissions.
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The Economics of Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events in Developing Countries - Working Paper 199
- Jan 11, 2010
The authors address several questions relevant to international discussion about climate adaptation: How will climate change alter the incidence of extreme weather events, and how will their impact be distributed geographically? How will future socioeconomic development, notably an increased focus on education and empowerment for women and girls, affect the vulnerability of affected communities? And, of primary interest to negotiators and donors, how much would it cost to neutralize the threat of additional losses in this context?
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Climate Change and the Future Impacts of Storm-Surge Disasters in Developing Countries - Working Paper 182
- Sep 24, 2009
As temperatures rise this century, massive tropical storm surges and growing populations may collide in disasters of unprecedented size. CGD senior fellow David Wheeler and co-authors explore the implications for 84 developing countries, providing new data for 577 cyclone-vulnerable coastal cities with populations greater than 100,000. Bottom line: carefully targeted international assistance will be essential to protect population centers.
ACCESS THE WORKING PAPER AND DATA
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Climate Change and Vulnerable Societies: Achieving Sustainable Security
- Jul 23, 2009
CGD senior fellow David Wheeler testifies before the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific and the Global Environment about the potential effects of climate change on vulnerable societies. Wheeler urges Congress to view climate change preparedness broadly and focus U.S. assistance on human and institutional development.
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The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President
- Aug 22, 2008
The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President shows how modest changes in U.S. policies could greatly improve the lives of poor people in developing countries, thus fostering greater stability, security, and prosperity globally and at home. Center for Global Development experts offer fresh perspectives and practical advice on trade policy, migration, foreign aid, climate change and more. In an introductory essay, CGD President Nancy Birdsall explains why and how the next U.S. president must lead in the creation of a better, safer world.
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Global Warming: An Opportunity for Greatness (White House and the World Policy Brief)
- Aug 22, 2008
The next president can secure a place in history by mobilizing America to confront climate change, while starting a clean energy revolution that will strengthen American security and create the next wave of economic growth. The president should seize this opportunity because climate change presents a mortal threat: left unchecked, global warming will undermine the hard-won achievements of developing countries, inflict severe damage on the United States and other rich nations, and destabilize so many societies that the international system will be threatened. CGD senior fellow David Wheeler shows how to turn the threat into an opportunity for greatness.
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Why Warner-Lieberman Failed and How to Get America's Working Families behind the Next Cap-and-Trade Bill - Working Paper 149
- Jul 17, 2008
CGD research fellow David Wheeler applies econometric analysis to politics to discover the reasons behind the Senate’s failure to pass Warner-Lieberman, the first carbon cap-and-trade legislation to come up for a Senate vote. He finds that opposition can be explained by measurable variables—especially state-wide median income: senators from states with lower incomes were much more likely to vote against. Wheeler suggests that the next cap-and-trade bill should include plans to distribute some of the proceeds from carbon auctions directly to citizens in equal per capita payments to offset the economic burden on lower-income Americans and help align them and their Senators with the need to rapidly cut emissions.
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Financing Forest Conservation to Combat Global Warming: Keys to Success at Copenhagen
- Nov 18, 2009
Forest clearing in developing countries is an enormous contributor to global warming, accounting for about 15% of annual greenhouse gas emissions. The Bali Action Plan seeks ways to reward countries for reducing these emissions--an agenda known as REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). Effective implementation of REDD is an intense topic of discussion in the negotiations leading up to Copenhagen. Many observers envision financial flows in the billions of dollars per year, and substantial pilot efforts are already being sponsored by UN-REDD, the World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), and the Norwegian International Climate and Forest Initiative.
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The Human Footprint on Climate
- Jun 23, 2009
As part of the "Demographics and Development in the 21st Century" series, CGD Senior Fellow David Wheeler will summarize the cross-country research he conducted with Dan Hammer on the economics of population policy for carbon emissions reduction. Wheeler includes assessments of the effects of family planning and female education on birth rates. Their global results indicate that carbon mitigation as a result of population policy has costs comparable to those of the least costly clean technology options. They also find that family planning and female education have very different carbon abatement economics across countries, so cost-effective policy may require careful targeting. UN Foundation's Timothy Wirth will offer comments.
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CGD Special Discussion with David Gergen on Obama's Global Development Policy
- Jan 16, 2009
Join Nancy Birdsall, David Gergen, and CGD senior fellows who are authors of essays in our newest book, The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President , for a lively discussion of the prospects for improved U.S. development policy under President Barack Obama.
As you know, David Gergen has been an influential participant in American public life for 30 years. A best-selling author and advisor to presidents Reagan, Nixon, Ford and Clinton, David is currently director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN.
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Third Annual Richard H. Sabot Lecture
- Jun 26, 2008
The Center for Global Development is hosting its third annual Richard H. Sabot Lecture, in memory of Dick Sabot, a friend, co-author, and founding member of CGD's board of directors. We are honored to have Lord Nicholas Stern, IG Patel Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics and author of the Stern Review, deliver this year's lecture, entitled "The Economics of a Global Deal on Climate Change." CGD President Nancy Birdsall will host and serve as moderator for a discussion following the talk.
A limited number of seats are currently available for this invitation-only event. Reservations will be accepted until we reach capacity.
Date and time: Thursday, June 26, 2008; 5:00pm--6:30pm; followed by a reception
Location: 1750 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, (Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics), Washington, DC. (Metro: Red Line, Dupont Circle)
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Congressional Hearing: Examining the Administration’s Proposal to Establish a Multilateral Clean Technology Fund
- Jun 5, 2008
Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade, and Technology Hearing
Examining the Administration’s Proposal to Establish a Multilateral Clean Technology Fund
Thursday, June 5, 2008, 1:30 p.m., 2128 Rayburn House Office Building
Witness List & Prepared Testimony:
Panel 1
The Honorable David H. McCormick, Under Secretary for International Affairs, U.S. Department of Treasury
Panel 2
Mr. Brent Blackwelder, President, Friends of the Earth
Mr. David Wheeler, Senior Fellow, Center for Global Development
Mr. Jacob Werksman, Program Director, Institutions and Governance Program, World Resources Institute
Dr. Andrew Deutz, Director of International Institutions, The Nature Conservancy
Available Member Statements:
Printed Hearing:
The printed version of this hearing will be posted as soon as it is available.
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Climate Change Post-Bali: Assessing the Prospects for Success
- Feb 4, 2008
In the wake of December's UN Climate Change Conference in Indonesia, our panel will consider the next stages of international climate negotiations, discuss current efforts in both the developed and developing world to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and assess the prospects and potential for a successful response to global warming. Specific topics will include the state of global, U.S., and Chinese climate policy, trends in renewable energy, and the role of energy efficiency. Following brief presentations by each of the panelists, the floor will be opened for an informal Q&A session.
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Power and Roads to Africa: A Tanzanian Perspective
- Dec 14, 2007
President Kikwete will offer his perspective on infrastructure obstacles to growth in Tanzania, including how the donor community, private sector, and African governments can work together to find new and innovative ways to bring power and roads to Africa. The president’s remarks will be followed by a roundtable discussion with experts on African economic development.
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Who’s Doing Worst on Climate? Ranking the Rich and the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China): Results from the 2007 Commitment to Development Index
- Oct 15, 2007
Each year the Center for Global Development's Commitment to Development Index ranks 21 rich countries on their dedication to policies that benefit the five billion people living in poorer nations. This year the focus is on the environment component, which includes scores for policies and practices related to climate change. Find out how the U.S. and other rich countries stack up—and how they compare to Brazil, Russia, India and China (the so-called BRICs) in their global environmental policies. The overall rankings for the 21 countries in the 2007 CDI also will be announced.
Non-CGD Publications
- Country Stakes in Climate Change Negotiations: Two Dimensions of Vulnerability. 2009. Climate Policy (forthcoming) (with Piet Buys, Uwe Deichmann, Craig Meisner and Tao Ton That).
- Sea-Level Rise and Storm Surges: A Comparative Analysis of Impacts in Developing Countries. 2009. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4901. April. (with Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante and Siobhan Murray).
- The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis," Climatic Change, 2009. Volume 93 (3), p. 379. (with Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante, Craig Meisner, and Jianping Yan)
- "Environmental Economics at the World Bank", 2008, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy (with Susmita Dasgupta, Kirk Hamilton and Stefano Pagiola)
- "Determinants of a digital divide in Sub-Saharan Africa : a spatial econometric analysis of cell phone coverage", 2008, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 4516 (with Piet Buys, Susmita Dasgupta and Thomas Tim)
- "Improving indoor air quality for poor families : a controlled experiment in Bangladesh", 2007, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 4422 (with Susmita Dasgupta, Mainul Huq and M. Khaliquzzaman)
- "Country Stakes in Climate Change Negotiations: Two Dimensions of Vulnerability," 2007, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 4300 (with Uwe Deichmann, Piet Buys, Craig Meisner and Thao Ton That).
- "Road Network Upgrading and Overland Trade Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa," 2006, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4097 (with Uwe Deichmann and Piet Buys).
- "Environment During Growth: Accounting for Governance and Vulnerability," 2006, World Development, Vol. 34, No. 9, September (with Susmita Dasgupta, Kirk Hamilton, and Kiran D. Pandey).
- "The Economics of Decentralized Poverty-Environment Programs: An Application for Lao PDR," 2006, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 28, No. 7, October (with Piet Buys, Susmita Dasgupta, Uwe Deichmann, Craig Meisner, et al.).
- "Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution in Developing Countries: Evidence from Indonesia," 2006, in Thomas P. Lyon (ed.), Regulation, (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar) (with Sheoli Pargal).
- "Is Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture Less Profitable for Farmers? Evidence on Integrated Pest Management in Bangladesh," 2006, Review of Agricultural Economics (forthcoming, with Susmita Dasgupta and Craig Meisner).
- "Indoor Air pollution and Rural Energy Use," 2006, in Douglas Barnes, ed., Rural Energy Strategy for Bangladesh, Washington: World Bank (with Susmita Dasgupta).
- "Who Suffers from Indoor Air Pollution? Evidence from Bangladesh," 2006, Health Policy and Planning (forthcoming - with Susmita Dasgupta, Mainul Huq, M. Khaliquzzaman and Kiran Pandey).
- "Indoor Air Quality for Poor Families: New Evidence from Bangladesh," 2006, Indoor Air: International Journal of Indoor Environment and Health (forthcoming, with Susmita Dasgupta1, Mainul Huq, M. Khaliquzzaman and Kiran D. Pandey).
- "Pesticide Poisoning of Farm Workers: Implications of Blood Test Results from Vietnam," 2006, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (forthcoming, with Susmita Dasgupta and Craig Meisner).
- "Disclosure Strategies for Pollution Control," 2005, in The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2005/2006: A Survey of Current Issues (New Horizons in Environmental Economics), Tom Tietenberg and Henk Folmer (eds.) (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar) (with Susmita Dasgupta and Hua Wang).
- "Policy Reform, Economic Growth and the Digital Divide," 2005, Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2, June (with Susmita Dasgupta and Somik Lall).
- "Where is the Poverty-Environment Nexus? Evidence from Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam," 2005, World Development Vol. 33, No. 4 (with Susmita Dasgupta, Uwe Deichmann and Craig Meisner).
- "Financial Incentives and Endogenous Enforcement in China's Pollution Levy System," 2005, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 49, No. 1 (with Hua Wang, et. al.).
- "How Has Environment Mattered? An Analysis of World Bank Resource Allocation," 2004, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3269 (with Susmita Dasgupta, Craig Meisner, Piet Buys, Kiran Pandey, Kirk Hamilton, Anjali Acharya, and Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez).
- "Environmental Performance Rating and Disclosure: China's GreenWatch Program," 2004, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 71, No. 2 (with Hua Wang).
- "Can China Grow and Safeguard Its Environment? The Case of Industrial Pollution," 2003, in N. Hope (ed.), Policy Reform in China, (Stanford: Stanford University Press) (with Hua Wang and Susmita Dasgupta).
- "Measuring Up: New Directions for Environmental Programs at the World Bank," 2003, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3097 (with Kiran Pandey, Susmita Dasgupta, Kirk Hamilton, Limin Wang, Katharine Bolt, Piet Buys, Craig Meisner and Kiran Pandey).
- "Equilibrium Pollution and Economic Development in China", 2003, Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 8, No. 3 (with Hua Wang).
- "Air Pollution in Developing Countries: New Estimates for Fine Particulates," 2003, Environmental Health Perspectives (with Kiran Pandey, et. al.).
- "Agricultural Trade, Development and Toxic Risk," 2002, World Development, Vol. 30, No. 8, August (with Susmita Dasgupta, Yanhong Jun and Craig Meisner).
- "Beyond Pollution Havens," 2002, Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 2, No. 2, May.
- "Confronting the Environmental Kuznets Curve," 2002, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter (with Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante and Hua Wang).
- "Plant Size, Industrial Air Pollution and Local Incomes: Evidence from Brazil and Mexico," 2002, Environment and Development Economics, 7 (2) (forthcoming) (with Robert Lucas and Susmita Dasgupta).
- "Racing to the Bottom? Foreign Investment and Air Pollution in Developing Countries," 2001, Journal of Environment and Development, September.
- "Minute Particles, Major Problems: Cleaning the Air in Developing Countries," 2001, Forum For Applied Research and Public Policy, Vol. 16, No. 3, Fall (with Katherine Bolt, Susmita Dasgupta and Kiran Pandey).
- "Environmental Regulation and Development: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis," 2001, Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2, June (with Susmita Dasgupta, Ashoka Mody and Subhendu Roy).
- "Water Pollution Abatement by Chinese Industry: Cost Estimates and Policy Implications," 2001, Applied Economics, Vol. 33, No. 4 (with Susmita Dasgupta, Mainul Huq and Chonghua Zhang).
- "The Microeconomic Analysis of Pollution, Pollution Abatement and Pollution Abatement Regulation," 2000, Pacific and Asian Journal of Energy, 10 (2), December (with Raymond Hartman).
- "Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisited," 2000, Journal of Development Economics, 62 (2) (with Muthukumara Mani and Hemamala Hettige).
- "What Improves Environmental Compliance? Evidence From Mexican Industry," 2000, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 39, No.1 (with Susmita Dasgupta and Mala Hettige).
- Greening Industry: New Roles for Communities, Markets and Governments (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
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